Muscle atrophy in dogs
Senior dog lying on grass

Arthritis in dogs: Symptoms, causes, management & prevention

Arthritis in dogs is very common but that doesn’t mean it should ever be ignored or taken lightly. Dogs of all ages can be affected by arthritis and if left untreated, the condition can worsen and become more painful – limiting mobility and your dog’s wellbeing. Have you taken a close look at your dog lately? If you’re concerned about your dog’s joints or just want to educate yourself for the future, read on to learn more about arthritis in dogs and how to help.

What is arthritis in dogs?

The most common type of arthritis in dogs is osteoarthritis. This is a degenerative disease that affects the joints. Healthy joints are made up of fluid and cartilage, which protects the bones and allows for free movement. Over time, the cartilage wears away and the bones rub together, which causes swelling and pain. Although the condition worsens with age, your dog could begin to show symptoms during early adulthood.

Signs and symptoms of dog arthritis​

It’s important to recognise the signs of arthritis in dogs so it can be treated as early as possible. In some cases, your dog might try to tell you they are in pain by stopping, sitting, lying down or your dog refuses to walk. They may also have other ways of telling you their joints hurt.

The most common dog arthritis symptoms to look out for include:

  • Limping or stiffness in the legs
  • Slowing down or stopping on walks
  • Low energy level and sleeping more
  • Being quiet and looking unhappy
  • Persistent licking of joints
  • Backing away when you touch an affected joint
  • Visibly swollen joints

What causes arthritis in dogs?

Particularly in early life, dogs can have an abundance of energy. Running, jumping and playing involve a lot of leg movement, which progressively takes its toll on the joints. This naturally causes wear and tear over time, which is why arthritis is more common in older dogs. However, there can be other causes too such as an injury, hip dysplasia and joint abnormalities.

Are some dog breeds more prone to arthritis​?

With some breeds, arthritis in dogs is a genetic condition, which can mainly affect the hips and elbows. Breeds prone to this include Springer Spaniels, Labradors, Golden Retrievers, Rottweilers, Bernese Mountain Dogs and German Shepherds. The latter are also prone to spine and hip problems.

Is there an arthritis cure for dogs​?

Unfortunately, there isn’t a cure for arthritis in dogs but there are a whole host of different treatment options available. These range from medications to supplements and more holistic approaches.

Managing arthritis in dogs

If you’re unsure whether your faithful friend might be suffering with arthritis, it’s time to take them to the vet. Your vet will confirm a diagnosis by carrying out various tests, which might include a scan or x-ray. They’ll also be able to recommend a management plan to help keep your dog comfortable and pain-free so they can still enjoy a good quality of life.

1) Treatment for arthritis in dogs​

Although there’s no cure for arthritis, there are several effective treatments available, which have proved highly beneficial for dogs with arthritis. These include a range of anti-inflammatory injections and painkillers. A tablet can be given to your dog daily with their food or your vet might suggest a monthly injection. Surgery is not usually advised except in specific cases.

2) Therapy for dogs with arthritis​

As well as effective medical treatments, there are also plenty of holistic therapy options available. Therapy for dogs is non-drug-related and includes multiple different options. Hydrotherapy, which a lot of dogs love, helps to keep their joints supple without the impact that running and jumping has. Physical therapy and massage treatments are also available and, more recently, acupuncture has been shown it can be an effective therapy for pain relief.

3) How to help a dog with arthritis at home​

You can help your pet by ensuring they still receive regular home exercises for dogs, albeit in moderation. Shorter walks with longer recovery periods are best and recommended. Walking on flat ground will put less strain on your dog’s joints. For the same reason, avoid situations that might promote running or chasing too vigorously. Try to prevent any activity that encourages your dog to jump as this can jolt their joints with painful consequences.

It’s also important to ensure your dog maintains a healthy weight. Pets that are overweight will endure unnecessary additional pressure on their joints. A well-balanced diet, together with vitamin supplements, is ideal. Dogs with arthritis may also have weak muscles so they should avoid walking on a slippery floor surface – carpets, rugs and grip mats are safer options. Orthopaedic dog beds are also available for dogs with arthritis and offer the ultimate comfort and support.

Can you prevent arthritis in dogs?​

As arthritis in dogs is usually age-related, it’s not possible to prevent the onset of the condition. However, as a dog parent, you can help slow down the process, which could alleviate most of the symptoms. These tactics include a regular (gentle) exercise routine, good quality food and supplements, and keeping your dog at a healthy weight.

How long do dogs live with arthritis​?

The length of time dogs can live with arthritis varies from case to case. Some pets are able to enjoy a good quality of life up to a ripe old age. To give your dog the best possible chance of enjoying life and getting the most from their twilight years, health management is very important.

Bear in mind, it’s inevitable that the condition will worsen with time. You will need to be mindful that your dog might struggle to walk as far as it used to and won’t be as quick or as agile as they once were. If you suspect your dog is in pain and any treatment or therapy they are receiving is no longer working, speak to your vet for advice.

Dog arthritis FAQs:

Should you walk a dog with arthritis?

Yes. A dog with arthritis might have limitations but will still look forward to getting regular exercise. Several shorter walks with plenty of sniffing may be better than one long walk, though.

Which is better for dog arthritis: collagen or glucosamine?

Dog parents often struggle to decide which supplement might be best for their dog. Both collagen and glucosamine have beneficial properties.

Collagen is a structural protein, which is essential for maintaining the integrity of cartilage, tendons and ligaments whereas glucosamine is a naturally occurring compound that is present within the cartilage of joints. Its sole purpose is to create and repair cartilage by promoting the production of healthy cartilage tissue.

Both supplements are important, and they can work together. Owners can safely give both supplements to their pets to support joints.

Does green-lipped mussel help arthritis?

Hailing from New Zealand, green-lipped mussels provide a natural source of essential amino acids, Omega 3, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Their anti-inflammatory compounds help to reduce joint inflammation and can relieve the symptoms of arthritis in dogs, and humans.

What vitamins are good for arthritis in dogs?

Apart from those already mentioned, other essential vitamins include vitamins C and E, which help to maintain joint mobility or freedom of movement. Hyaluronic acid can also provide support as it is a major component of synovial fluid, which helps to lubricate and cushion the joints.