Cocker Spaniel health issues & breed care

Cocker Spaniels are affectionate, energetic and playful dogs, often described as cheerful thanks to their ever-wagging tails! Originally bred as gundogs, they’ve become much-loved companions in family homes. 

These sociable dogs thrive on human company. They're highly adaptable, fitting in well with city and rural life as long as they’ve got a secure space to run around and plenty of time for playing. However, like many pedigree breeds, they can be prone to certain health issues, which we’ll cover in this helpful guide.  

#Cocker Spaniel breed profile

It’s believed that the Cocker Spaniel roots began in 14th century Spain, later developing in the UK as a skilled gundog used to flush out woodcock, hence the name "Cocker." Over time, the breed's lively temperament, intelligence and eagerness to please had made them just as popular in the home as in the field. 

##Types of Cocker Spaniel

Cocker spaniels can be broken down into to two 'types': 

English Cocker Spaniel: Recognised by the Kennel Club in 1892, there are two types of English Cocker Spaniels: 

• Working Cocker Spaniel (sometimes called Field Spaniels): Bred for field performance. They’re lean, have a short coat, and have an extremely high energy level, so they’re more suited to a working home.  
• Show Cocker Spaniel: Bred primarily for appearance and dog shows. They tend to have longer ears, a fuller coat and a slightly more laid-back temperament. 

American Cocker Spaniel: Bred in the United States, this type of Cocker is smaller, with a shorter muzzle, a more rounded head, and a long, heavily feathered coat.  

English Cocker Spaniel health issues may vary slightly from American Cocker Spaniel issues. This guide will cover the most common Cocker Spaniel health issues. 

#Common Cocker Spaniel health issues  

Cocker Spaniels are prone to several common dog health issues, some specific to the breed. 

##Physical issues

• Ear problems: Their long, floppy ears easily trap moisture, which can create the perfect environment for ear infections, yeast build-up and chronic inflammation if not cleaned regularly. 
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): This inherited, degenerative eye condition gradually causes blindness, often starting with night vision loss.  
• Hereditary eye disorders:– Beyond PRA, they may also inherit conditions such as cataracts, glaucoma and dry eye, all of which can impair vision and require ongoing treatment or surgery. 
• Hip Dysplasia: A common joint issue where the hip socket doesn’t form properly, leading to canine arthritis, pain, and difficulty walking or running. 

##Stomach issues

Cocker Spaniels can be susceptible to stomach problems, let’s take a look at some. 

• Food allergies: Sensitivities to food ingredients may cause digestive issues, skin irritation, or itching. 
• Pancreatitis: Painful inflammation of the pancreas can lead to serious illness if not treated. 
• Digestive upset: Conditions such as diarrhoea, vomiting, constipation, or poor appetite are common and may require veterinary care. 

##Skin issues & allergies

Cocker Spaniels can experience skin issues due to their sensitive skin and tendency toward allergies.  

• Yeast infections: Frequently affect moist areas like ears, paws, and lip folds. Symptoms include itching, redness, a musty smell, and greasy or flaky skin. 
• Allergic dermatitis: Caused by environmental allergens, food sensitivities, or flea bites, dermatitis in dogs can cause intense itching, hair loss, and inflamed skin. 
• Hot spots: Localised areas of inflamed, infected skin, often triggered by licking or chewing. 
• Seborrheic dermatitis: A condition that causes flaky, greasy or dry skin and can lead to secondary infections if left untreated. 

##Medical conditions

Cocker Spaniel health issues can include Familial Nephropathy, which is a hereditary kidney disease that affects the filtration process, often showing signs such as excessive thirst and weight loss in young dogs, and can sadly lead to kidney failure. 

In addition, Adult-Onset Neuropathy (AON) is a genetic neurological disorder affecting the nervous system, causing progressive weakness in the hind legs, reduced coordination and difficulty with movement in older dogs. 

#English Cocker Spaniel health issues

English Cocker Spaniels can face several health challenges, including ear infections, eye issues such as progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and cataracts, dry eye and Cherry Eye (prolapse of the eyelid). Obesity and dental problems are also seen, making proper nutrition and dental care essential. 

#Caring for a Cocker Spaniel

Cocker spaniels are generally low maintenance, but the following tips should help keep your pup happy and healthy. 

##Diet & nutrition tips  

• Feeding: Opt for complete, balanced dog food containing quality protein sources, healthy fats and Omega-3 fatty acids.  
• Watch their weight: Cocker Spaniels are face obesity, which can worsen joint issues like hip dysplasia. Stick to recommended portion sizes and avoid overfeeding treats. 
• Dental-friendly diet: Dry kibble and dental chews can help reduce plaque build-up, lowering the risk of periodontal disease – a common issue in the breed. 

##Training & exercise tips

Cocker Spaniels are super intelligent and eager to please, making them reasonably easy to train. Their friendly and responsive nature means they pick up commands quickly, especially when training is positive, consistent and reward-based.  

Early socialisation and basic obedience training help these fun dogs become well-mannered companions. 

Many Cocker Spaniels don’t seem to have an off switch which leads many new owners wonder, “How much exercise do Cocker Spaniels need?” The answer depends on the type because working Cockers need more exercise than show lines.  

Adult Cocker Spaniels thrive best on at least 60 minutes of exercise daily, including walks, playtime, and mentally stimulating activities like scent work or agility. Regular exercise keeps them fit and helps prevent boredom-related behaviours. 

##Grooming tips

Cocker Spaniels need regular brushing to manage their high-maintenance double coat, which sheds year-round.  

• Skin & Coat Care: Regular brushing helps prevent knots and tangles. 
• Eye & Ear Care: Gently wipe around the eyes daily using a damp cloth to prevent tear stains. Clean the ears regularly using a vet-approved solution to reduce the risk of infection. 

Cocker spaniel temperament

The Cocker Spaniel temperament is playful and sensitive. If well-socialised, they typically get along brilliantly with children and other pets. They’re intuitive and in tune with their owners’ emotions, making them excellent family dogs and devoted companions. Just don’t leave them alone too long because they can experience separation anxiety if left without company for extended periods. 

##Conclusion

Cocker Spaniels are a delight to own because of their cheerful nature. They’re generally healthy and long-lived but can face some health issues, particularly ear infections, eye problems, and joint conditions. With regular vet check-ups, a balanced diet, proper grooming, and plenty of exercise, most Cocker Spaniels can enjoy a happy, active life. 

They thrive on human companionship and are happiest when they’re part of the action, whether it’s a countryside walk, a game of fetch, or just snuggling on the sofa.