Dogs can face age-related health challenges, just like us. And one condition that affects many senior dogs is Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD) — often referred to as ‘canine dementia'. Symptoms often go unnoticed at first, as they seem like normal parts of the ageing process. However, knowing the signs of this dysfunction in dogs can help you understand and support your ageing companion better.
CCD usually affects dogs aged 8 and over, with around 15% of senior dogs showing noticeable symptoms in one study.1 CCD or 'canine dementia' is usually diagnosed by behaviour rather than clinical tests, although your vet may use tests to rule out other conditions.
In this article, we look at the first signs of 'dementia' in dogs, common symptoms to look out for and how to provide the best care possible.
Symptoms of dementia in dogs
Recognising the early signs of 'dementia' in dogs can make a big difference to your pet’s quality of life. Here are some of the things you might notice:
1) Your dog seems confused
Does your dog seem disoriented? These behaviours can happen due to memory and perception changes caused by CCD in dogs. Confusion can be stressful for them, so it’s important to offer reassurance and help them feel safe when they seem unsettled.
2) Your dog is displaying new aggressive behaviours
Has your dog become snappy or started to growl unexpectedly? Cognitive dysfunction could make them feel threatened or anxious in previously normal scenarios. Changes in how they see and interact with others can make this even harder for them. You can help by watching your dog’s body language to spot signs of stress before things get worse.
3) Your dog seems withdrawn, anxious, or depressed
If your normally cuddly dog starts avoiding hugs or is pacing around nervously, they might be feeling anxious. Dogs with 'dementia' can be more sensitive to change, which can make them feel stressed. Creating a calm, soothing environment at home will help them relax.
4) Memory loss in dogs
Memory problems are a hallmark of CCD. Your dog may struggle to remember daily routines, such as feeding times or responding to commands. They might also forget familiar faces, which can be upsetting for both of you.
5) Your dog is sleeping more and eating less
Senior dogs with 'dementia' often show changes in sleep and appetite. They may sleep during the day but pace restlessly at night, disrupting their usual cycle. To learn more about canine sleeping habits, check out our guide on sleep and dogs.
6) Your dog is house soiling
If your house-trained dog starts having accidents indoors, it’s not their fault. Cognitive dysfunction-related memory loss or confusion can lead to house soiling, as your dog may forget where or how they usually go to the toilet.
How do I check if my dog has dementia?
If you’re concerned about your dog’s symptoms, keep notes of everything unusual and share these with your vet. They may use a scoring system based on behaviours — such as how often your dog seems confused or whether they’re sleeping at odd hours — to assess the possibility of 'dementia'.
Treatment for canine dementia
While there’s no cure for CCD in dogs, there are plenty of ways to improve your dog’s quality of life. Here’s how you can support your pet:
1) Make sure to keep exercising your dog regularly
Physical exercise is important for maintaining cognitive function. Daily walks or playtime can help keep your dog’s brain stimulated.
2) Avoid changing furniture around
These dogs rely heavily on familiar surroundings. Moving furniture or changing their routine might confuse them further. Keep things consistent to give them a sense of security.
3) Stick to a consistent routine
Many dogs thrive on routine, and this is even more important when managing canine 'dementia'. Regular feeding, walking, and bedtime schedules will help your dog feel reassured.
4) Establish a calm home environment
Creating a calm and stress-free space is key to supporting anxious or confused dogs. This could mean minimising loud noises and giving your dog a quiet area to relax in.
5) Introduce suitable enrichment toys that will help to keep your dog mentally engaged
Interactive toys that keep your dog physically and mentally stimulated can have a positive impact. Why not check out toys made just for senior dogs? We've got some great suggestions in our guide to toys for senior dogs.
How long can a dog live with dementia?
Senior dogs with 'dementia' can still enjoy happy, fulfilling years, especially when their symptoms are managed with love and care. Making small adjustments to their routine and catching early signs of 'dementia' can make a big difference in their quality of life.
Dr Charlotte Rice, our in-house Senior Veterinary Technical Manager, says:
‘CCD can be a tough condition to deal with, and it’s hard to see your once active and attentive dog go through it. But there are plenty of ways to make things easier for both you and your dog. Your vet can guide you on the best steps to take, but most importantly, be patient, loving and understanding with your furry friend.’
What are the final stages of dog dementia?
The final stages of 'dementia' often include severe disorientation, extreme withdrawal and a loss of physical functions like walking or eating independently. Consulting your vet is essential during this time, to ensure your dog remains comfortable and pain-free.
When to speak to your vet?
If you have concerns about your dog’s health, please speak to your vet, the sooner the better when it comes to CCD. If you’re a YuMOVE subscriber, why not book a free consultation with an RCVS-registered PawSquad vet first?
1Under diagnosis of canine cognitive dysfunction: A cross-sectional survey of older companion dogs
