German Shepherd Health Problems & Breed Care 

German Shepherds are among the top beloved dog breeds in the world. Originally bred for herding, these highly intelligent dogs thrive on having a job to do, which is why they’re a popular choice for the police, military, and search and rescue teams. 

#German Shepherd breed profile

Sadly, due to selective breeding, some German Shepherd health problems can be costly to manage and impact the dog’s quality of life.  

If you're considering bringing this bouncy and devoted breed into your life, this guide to potential German Shepherd health problems can help you keep your furry companion happy and healthy. With proper care, the life expectancy for German Shepherd dogs is 9+ years. 

Are German Shepherds and Alsatians the same? 

Yes, there is no difference between German Shepherd and Alsatian dogs. They’re the same breed. In the UK, "Alsatian" became a commonly used name for the German Shepherd during the World Wars.   

#Common German Shepherd health issues

Are German Shepherds prone to health problems? Unfortunately, yes, there are some concerns. The Kennel Club rates German Shepherds as a ‘Category Three’ breed. That’s the highest level regarding health concerns linked to a dog’s appearance.  

Over the years, these beautiful dogs have often been bred with a notably sloping back, which has caused some real health problems.   

##Physical issues

• Hip dysplasia: This is when the hip joint doesn’t fit in the socket as it should, causing pain and mobility issues. Sometimes, stiff joints in dogs can indicate the onset of this issue.  
• Elbow dysplasia: This condition affects the elbow joint, which doesn’t form as it should. It can cause ongoing pain and lameness.  
• Canine Degenerative Myelopathy (DM): Also known as Chronic Degenerative Radiculomyopathy (CDRM), this is a serious condition causing weakness in the back legs and can eventually lead to paralysis.  
• Anal furunculosis: This painful and chronic condition causes deep ulcers and infections around the dog’s bottom. It can be very uncomfortable and often needs long-term management. 
• Ocular (eye) abnormalities: GSDs can suffer from cataracts which can affect their vision.  
• Epilepsy:  Some German Shepherds have epilepsy, which causes seizures. Veterinary medication can help manage the condition, so working closely with a vet is essential. 

##Stomach issues 

There are some German Shepherd stomach problems to be aware of: 

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) – EPI is a digestive issue where the pancreas fails to produce enzymes and hormones properly. Common signs include weight loss, soft stools or diarrhoea, a rough coat, excessive gas, and eating faeces or unusual objects. 

Unfortunately, there’s no cure, but with lifelong pancreatic enzyme supplements, your dog can still live a happy and healthy life.  

Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus or GDV) – Due to their size, deep chest and narrow ribcage, German Shepherds are at risk of developing this life-threatening condition. The dog’s tummy fills with gas and twists, which can restrict blood flow within the body and is often very painful. This condition requires urgent veterinary care.  

Symptoms to watch for include a distended belly, restlessness, excessive drooling, and attempts to vomit without bringing anything up. If you see these signs contact your vet immediately. 

To help reduce the risk of GDV, feed small, regular meals. It’s also often recommended to avoid exercising dogs straight after eating. 

##Skin issues & allergies 

German Shepherd skin problems can cause discomfort for your dog:  

• Hot spots: These are red, inflamed patches of skin often caused by itching or scratching.  
• Flea allergies: All dogs can develop allergic reactions to flea bites, leading to itching, hair loss and skin irritation.  
• Atopic dermatitis: A chronic allergic condition, atopic dermatitis is triggered by environmental allergens such as dust mites, pollen, or mould. It causes itching, inflammation and sometimes ear infections. 
• Food allergies: Some German Shepherds develop food allergies to ingredients like wheat, soy, or proteins, which can cause skin rashes, ear infections and digestive issues. 
• Yeast infections: These can develop in warm, moist areas of the dog’s skin, especially between the toes or in skin folds. Symptoms include redness, itching and an unpleasant smell. 

##Medical conditions 

'Dwarfism' is a term often used for a pituitary condition in German Shepherds (known medically as juvenile-onset panhypopituitarism), which affects growth and development. Affected dogs remain smaller than usual and often face other health complications, such as delayed teeth growth and coat issues.   

German Shepherd health issues can include Haemophilia A & B, which is an inherited bleeding disorder that prevents proper blood clotting. That means even minor cuts or injuries can cause excessive (and internal) bleeding.  

#Caring for a German Shepherd 

German Shepherds do well with daily exercise, nourishing food and lots of time spent by your side. 

##Diet & nutrition tips 

Choose protein-rich food from animal sources like chicken, beef, or lamb to support muscle mass and energy and balanced carbs like brown rice and sweet potato. Of course, you will need to be more selective for German Shepherds with food allergies –  your vet will be able to help you pick a suitable high-quality hypoallergenic diet. 

Steer clear of food with artificial additives or excessive fillers and ensure your dog’s diet includes Omega-3 and Omega-6 found in foods such as flaxseed and fish oil. 

##Training & exercise tips  

Are German Shepherds easy to train? Yes, if you’re consistent because German Shepherds thrive on routine. Use clear commands and reward good behaviour to reinforce learning.  

• Exercise: Walk your adult German Shepherd at least 1-2 hours daily. Provide mental stimulation, like puzzle games, learning new tricks and fun activities like agility training, obedience drills, or scent work. 
• Leash training: As German Shepherds are big, strong dogs, start leash training early to prevent pulling during walks. 
• Socialisation: Start controlled socialisation with other dogs and people to ensure your pup is well-rounded and confident in different environments. 
• Interactive play: Use toys like tug ropes to promote bonding and exercise while having fun. 

It’s worth mentioning that German Shepherd barking can become an issue if your dog doesn’t get enough physical and mental stimulation.  

##Grooming tips  

• Brushing: Do German Shepherds shed? Oh, yes! Brush your pup at least twice weekly to manage moulting. 
• Ears & nails: A quick check and gentle clean can help keep ears in good shape, and trim nails every 3-4 weeks.  
• Teeth: Brush your dog’s teeth every day if possible, or at least 3 times a week, to prevent tartar buildup. 
• Skin: Check for hot spots or dry skin, especially when fleas and ticks are problematic in the summer.  

##Conclusion

German Shepherd health problems shouldn’t stop your dog from having a fantastic life. Choose a pup from a reputable breeder that routinely checks for DM (Degenerative Myelopathy), eye diseases, hip and elbow dysplasia, and other German Shepherd health issues.  These super-intelligent dogs are fun, loyal and protective, and they adore their families.