West Highland White Terrier health issues & breed care

The West Highland White Terrier dog breed is part of the terrier family, originally bred for hunting in Scotland. True to their roots, Westies are alert, independent and always up for an adventure. 

#Westie breed profile

They’re incredibly loyal and affectionate with their families, and despite their size, they’ve got a big bark and a fearless nature. West Highland White Terrier characteristics include a strong prey drive, a curious streak and a love of digging. 

But like all breeds, Westies can be prone to certain health concerns – particularly affecting their skin, stomach and joints. Knowing what to look for means you can give your Westie the best possible care.

Are Westies hypoallergenic? While they shed less than some breeds, Westies are not truly hypoallergenic – so allergy sufferers may still experience symptoms. 

This guide explores common West Highland White Terrier health issues, plus tips on feeding, exercise, grooming and more. 

#Common health issues in Westies 

West Highland White Terriers are generally healthy, but certain conditions are more common in this breed – particularly Westie skin problems and sensitivities related to digestion and joints. 

By learning about potential West Highland White Terrier health issues, you can stay ahead of any concerns and work with your vet to manage symptoms effectively. 

##Physical issues 

Some Westies may experience joint and mobility concerns – especially in later life. Westie back leg problems and hip conditions can affect their ability to move comfortably.  

• Hip dysplasia: Hip dysplasia and age-related wear and tear may cause discomfort or reduced mobility. 

• Patellar luxation: A kneecap that slips out of place, which can cause limping or skipping movement. 

• Dental concerns: Westies can be more prone to tartar build-up and gum disease – regular brushing helps prevent plaque in dogs. 

• Ear infections: Their small, hairy ears can trap moisture and debris. Keeping them clean is important. 

• Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: This condition affects the hip joint, often in young dogs, and may require surgical treatment. 

##Stomach issues 

Westie stomach issues can range from food sensitivities to more complex digestive issues. Many owners report that their Westies have “delicate” tummies – so a stable, high-quality diet is key. 

• Food intolerances: Grains, beef or dairy can sometimes cause vomiting, diarrhoea or flatulence. 

• Colitis: Inflammation in the colon can cause loose stools and discomfort. Stress or sudden dietary changes may trigger flare-ups. 

• Pancreatitis: An inflamed pancreas can be triggered by rich or fatty foods. Symptoms include vomiting, abdominal pain and lethargy. 

• Gastrointestinal upset: Westies can be prone to digestive sensitivity, so it’s important to introduce new foods slowly. Read our guide on gastroenteritis in dogs.

##Skin issues & allergies 

West Highland White Terrier skin problems are unfortunately quite common – and often the most challenging issue for owners to manage. 

• Skin allergies: These may be triggered by food, grass, pollen, dust or household cleaners. 

• Atopic dermatitis: A chronic allergic condition causing itching, redness and secondary infections. 

• Contact dermatitis: Harsh shampoos or cleaning products may irritate sensitive Westies skin. Read more about dermatitis in dogs.  

• Dry, flaky skin: Often caused by a lack of essential fatty acids or reaction to food ingredients. 

• Do Westies moult? Yes, but they shed relatively little compared to other breeds – usually year-round in small amounts. 

• Westie diet for skin problems: A high-quality, skin-supportive diet with Omega-3s for dogs and hypoallergenic proteins can help manage flare-ups.  

##Medical problems 

In addition to physical and skin concerns, some Westies may be predisposed to deeper medical problems. 

• Westie lung disease (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis): A serious condition that affects the lungs and breathing. 

• White Shaker Syndrome: A neurological condition causing tremors, more common in small white breeds.

• Addison’s disease: A hormonal condition affecting the adrenal glands – can cause lethargy and loss of appetite. 

• Allergies and immune sensitivities: Westies are more prone to immune-related problems than many breeds. 

If you suspect any of these Westie medical problems, speak to your vet for advice on monitoring and management. 

#Caring for a West Highland White Terrier 

Westies are energetic, loyal and thrive on routine. With the right diet, exercise and attention to their skin and digestive health, they can live long, happy lives. 

##Diet and nutrition tips 

Westies love food – and can be prone to overindulging if you’re not careful. Feed smaller, measured meals twice a day rather than leaving food down. A slow feeder can help discourage gulping and reduce the risk of stomach upset. 

Some Westies do best on a limited-ingredient or hypoallergenic diet – particularly if they’re prone to skin or digestive issues. Look out for signs of sensitivities such as itching, ear infections or runny stools, and speak to your vet about allergy testing if needed. 

Supplements can also support West Highland White Terrier health. Choose targeted formulas with Omega-3s for skin and coat health, or explore joint-support supplements that include Green Lipped Mussel or Glucosamine for mobility as they age.

If you have any concerns about your pet’s diet, nutrition or health, we recommend speaking to your vet for personalised advice. 

##Training and exercise tips 

Westies are clever and independent – which can make them a little cheeky at times. But with consistent training, they’re quick learners and eager to please. 

Although they’re small, they’re full of energy and need daily walks and games to stay happy. 

Suggested training tips: 

• Start early: Socialise your Westie and introduce basic training from puppyhood. 

• Keep it fun: Short, rewarding sessions with praise or treats work best. 

• Tap into terrier instincts: Try sniffing games or low-level agility. 

• Manage barking: Terriers like to alert – be consistent with boundaries. 

• Avoid harsh methods: Westies respond best to patience and positivity. 

 How much exercise do Westies need? 

Aim for 45-60 minutes of activity a day. Mix up your routine with walks, playtime and brain games to keep them engaged. 

##Grooming tips 

Westie grooming helps keep their iconic white coat in top condition – but it also supports skin health, especially for dogs prone to irritation. 

Brush your Westie’s coat several times a week to prevent matting and help distribute natural oils. Consider professional grooming every few months to maintain their classic Westie look. 

Westie grooming essentials: 

• Brush 2-3 times a week: Use a slicker brush and comb to prevent tangles. 

• Hand-stripping or clipping: Every 2-3 months, depending on your preference. 

• Check the skin regularly: Look for signs of West Highland White Terrier skin problems like redness, flakes or itchiness. 

• Clean ears gently: Use a damp cloth to remove wax and avoid infection. 

• Trim nails every 3-4 weeks: If you can hear them click on the floor, it’s time. 

• Brush teeth regularly: Aim for 2-3 times a week with dog-friendly toothpaste. 

#Conclusion

With their bold spirit and affectionate nature, Westies bring endless joy to the right household. They’re clever, playful and surprisingly tough – and with the right care, can be wonderful companions well into their senior years. 

While they do have some specific health needs, being aware of common West Highland White Terrier health issues means you can support their wellbeing every step of the way. From skin flare-ups to stomach sensitivity, the right routine makes all the difference. 

Give them the time, care and companionship they need, and you’ll be rewarded with a happy, healthy Westie who’s full of fun and affection.