Pomeranian health problems & breed care

Pomeranians are energetic, alert and often sport a vibrant orange or red coat that gives them a foxy appearance.

#Pomeranian breed profile  

While orange is the most iconic, Pomeranians actually come in a wide range of colours – some breed organisations recognise more than 24 variations. They're quick learners, eager to play and can make enthusiastic watchdogs despite their small size. Their zest for life means they adapt well to city living, thriving on indoor play and shorter daily walks.

They also tend to live well into their teens, making them a long-term companion when well cared for. Though irresistibly fluffy, their delicate size means they may not be suited to households with very young children who might not understand how to handle small dogs gently. For this reason, they’re often a better fit for adults or families with older children. 

#Pomeranian health issues

##Physical issues  

Skeletal problems  

Luxating Patellas 

This common small-breed concern happens when the kneecap (patella) slips out of its normal groove. It might cause a skip in their step or, in some cases, lead to mobility issues over time. While it often resolves temporarily when the leg is straightened, ongoing instability can affect the joint. Keeping your Pomeranian at a healthy weight and supporting joint health can help manage mild cases – though some may require veterinary intervention. 

Elbow dysplasia 

Although more common in larger breeds, elbow dysplasia can occasionally affect Pomeranians. It’s a developmental concern that may impact mobility as they age. Managing activity levels and supporting joint function through lifestyle and nutrition can be helpful. 

Eye problems 

Pomeranians can be prone to certain inherited eye conditions, including: 

• Hereditary cataracts – a clouding of the lens that may reduce vision  
• Entropion – when eyelids roll inward and irritate the surface of the eye  
• Distichiasis – Extra eyelashes that grow inwards, which can cause rubbing 

Regular veterinary checks can help monitor eye health and guide next steps if concerns arise. 

Heart and breathing problems 

Collapsing Trachea 

This refers to the softening or narrowing of the windpipe, which can make breathing noisy or laboured. It's more noticeable during excitement or warm weather. Switching from a collar to a harness can help reduce pressure on the throat. 

Reverse sneezing 

This dramatic-sounding episode is usually harmless. Common in small breeds, it’s triggered by excitement, allergies or irritants and typically resolves on its own. If it becomes frequent, it’s a good idea to check in with your vet. 

Congenital heart conditions 

Some Pomeranians may be born with heart irregularities, such as murmurs. Early detection allows your vet to monitor their heart health closely. 

Chiari malformation and Syringomyelia (CM/SM) 

Though not exclusive to Pomeranians, these neurological conditions are recognised risks. 

• Chiari Malformation – caused by a mismatch between skull size and brain tissue 
• Syringomyelia – fluid pockets that form in the spinal cord 

Your vet will be able to guide you on what to look out for and how best to support your dog if these concerns arise.  

##Stomach issues  

Sensitive stomachs are not unusual in small breeds like Pomeranians. Changes in food, stress or food sensitivities may all play a role. 

• Introduce new foods gradually 
• Choose high-quality, small-breed specific diets 
• Digestive support supplements may help maintain a more balanced gut 
• Keep a vet-recommended digestive paste on hand to help manage minor upsets 

If your dog regularly experiences tummy trouble, it’s worth discussing with your vet to rule out underlying causes.  

##Skin issues & allergies  

Like many breeds, Pomeranians can experience allergic reactions to fleas, food or environmental triggers. They’re also prone to one breed-specific skin concern: 

Black Skin Disease (Alopecia X) This is a cosmetic condition that begins with thinning fur – often starting around the tail and hind legs. Over time, the skin underneath may darken or appear dry. It’s not harmful or itchy, but it may relate to underlying factors such as hormone levels or allergies. Supporting skin and coat health with the right nutrition may be beneficial.  

##Medical conditions  

Hormonal imbalances  

Two common hormonal conditions in the breed include: 

• Hypothyroidism – an underactive thyroid that may lead to reduced energy, coat changes or weight gain 
• Cushing’s Disease – linked to excess steroid hormone production, often presenting with increased thirst and changes to body shape 

Early signs can be subtle, so it’s worth mentioning anything unusual to your vet. 

Heart valve changes with age 

As they grow older, some Pomeranians may experience wear and tear on the heart’s mitral valve. If it begins to leak, it can place extra pressure on the heart. Your vet may monitor for signs and guide you on supportive care.  

#Caring for a Pomeranian  

##Diet & nutrition tips  

• Puppies can benefit from small, frequent meals to help maintain blood sugar 
• Choose a small-breed diet designed for their size and life stage 
• Watch portion sizes – a little too much can quickly lead to weight gain 
• Raised bowls can ease pressure on the throat 
• Skin and coat supplements may help support overall skin condition 
• Avoid free feeding – set mealtimes help with digestion and training  
  

##Training & exercise tips  

Pomeranians are clever and confident, but they benefit from clear structure: 

• Socialise early to build confidence and avoid reactivity 
• Mental stimulation is key – try puzzle toys and training games 
• Short walks help with physical and emotional wellbeing 

Use gentle, reward-based training – they respond best to praise and patience

##Grooming tips  

Brushing: 

• Brush several times a week to avoid matting and reduce loose fur 
• Trims every few weeks keep their coat tidy and manageable 
• A slicker brush and gentle technique work best 
• Always check under the tail – long coats can trap mess 
• Only clip if advised by a vet – shaving is not recommended for this breed 

Bathing: 

Thick coats need thorough drying after baths – many owners prefer professional grooming for this reason. Wet-brushing with a mist of conditioner can help ease tangles. 

Eyes and Ears: 

• Upright ears need minimal care – a weekly check usually does the trick 
• Wipe eyes gently if needed, especially around lighter coats 

Dental Care: 

Small mouths often mean crowded teeth – so daily dental care is important. 

• Start early with gentle brushing 
• Dental chews and enzymatic toothpastes can support oral health too 

##Conclusion 

With the right care, Pomeranians are bold, playful and full of affection. They may be small in size, but they’ve got personality in spades – alert, confident and always ready to be part of the action. They make loyal companions for those ready to keep up with their spark and support their health every step of the way.