Maltese health problems and breed care

Like most pedigree breeds, they are prone to a few health issues however, so it’s worth familiarising yourself with these. We’ve put this guide together to explore Maltese medical problems, temperament and care tips.

The Maltese is a dog with historic roots, giving it the title ‘Ye Ancient Dogge of Malta’. The country of Malta had a thriving seaport thousands of years BC, and this small white lapdog was thought to have been brought there by the Phoenicians in around 1000 BCE. It became very popular with the Greeks and Romans, featuring in art and literature at the time.

After the fall of Rome, it’s thought Chinese breeders kept the breed alive, through careful crosses with native breeds. However, variations also existed in Europe, where Queens and noblewomen
doted on them. It’s hard to trace the modern Maltese’s genetic history accurately, due to its worldwide spread.

The Maltese temperament is adaptable and friendly, traits that have made it a popular companion in a variety of settings for many years.

Maltese life expectancy can be over 12 years, with the right care and attention.

#Common Maltese health issues

Most Maltese health problems are common to many small breed pedigree dogs. They are generally thought of as healthy little dogs, but we’re going to explore some of their most common issues here:

##Physical issues

Dental disease – Excessive tartar buildup, gum inflammation, and tooth loss can occur without regular preventive care.

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease – Maltese hip problems include this painful genetic condition. A lack of blood supply to the head of the femur causes bone death and joint disease, which often requires surgery.

Luxating patella – Maltese back leg problems include patella luxation. The kneecap slides out of position in one or both hind legs, which can cause limping, pain, and arthritic changes.

Eye issues – Maltese can suffer from hereditary eye conditions like cataracts. Breeders should have their dogs' eyes screened before mating them.

##Stomach issues

There are no specific Maltese stomach problems, but they can suffer from all the same digestive problems as other dogs, including:

• Pancreatitis
• Food allergies
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Parasites

##Skin issues and allergies

Maltese skin conditions can occur. Underlying skin allergies may be to blame for:

• Recurrent ear and skin infections
• Excessive paw licking and itchy skin
• Dry, flaky skin

##Medical conditions

There are some Maltese health issues that this breed could be born with including:

Liver shunt and microvascular dysplasia – A congenital liver disorder where blood flow bypasses the liver and doesn’t get properly de-toxified

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)  – A common congenital heart abnormality in Maltese that is treatable with early intervention.

#Caring for your Maltese dog

Purchasing your Maltese from a reputable breeder who has done all the recommended health screens can help reduce the risk of some inherited problems. But you should also ensure your pet receives the best possible care from you too.

##Diet and Nutrition tips

The right Maltese diet is key to their health and well-being : 

• Correct feeding – Providing your pet with a good quality complete diet, which is appropriate for their age and size
• Weight – Maltese dogs are prone to obesity, so following feeding guidelines and avoiding too many treats is important. Keeping your dog at a healthy weight will reduce their risk of diabetes, joint disease and certain heart conditions.
• Supplements – Omega-3 fatty acids can support Maltese joint problems and improve skin and
  coat condition, whereas probiotics may be helpful for Maltese prone to digestive issues.

##Training and exercise tips

Maltese are easy to train because they are intelligent people-pleasers. They usually form strong bonds with their owners, meaning training can be straightforward with the right positive approach.

Maltese exercise needs are lower than a lot of breeds. They only require up to 30 minutes per day. They are playful dogs so they will enjoy short training exercises, agility, and games in the garden.

##Grooming tips

Potential owners often ask, ‘do Maltese shed?’. These dogs are low shedders, due to their single coat of hair. This means Maltese are hypoallergenic compared to many other breeds.

The Maltese grooming regime will depend on their coat length, but it can be demanding compared to other dog breeds.  Maltese with long, flowing coats will need daily combing to prevent tangles. If you choose to keep your dog’s fur trimmed shorter, then it may only need brushing every few days. But your dog will need to visit the groomer for regular haircuts every 6-8 weeks.

As well as brushing and fur trimming:

• Oral hygiene – Brushing your pet’s teeth daily is key. It will reduce their risk of painful dental disease and keep their breath fresh.
• Nail trims – Keeping nails neatly trimmed will reduce the risk of injured claws and mobility issues.
• Coat stains - Their white fur is prone to staining, particularly from tear stains and excessive licking often seen in skin allergies. Treating the underlying problem is important, but stain removing shampoos and products can also help.

#Conclusion

Typical Maltese characteristics make it an extremely appealing breed choice for many households. Their low exercise needs, small size and affectionate personality are very attractive to a lot of potential owners. It’s no wonder that this little dog has been popular in some form or other for thousands of years!

Many Maltese illnesses can be supported through regular vet checks, a good diet, healthy body weight and the right nutritional supplements, as well as choosing your puppy from a reputable breeder in the first place.

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