Jack Russell Terrier health problems & breed care
Like any pedigree breed, Jack Russells can be prone to specific health concerns. In this guide, we’ll explore common Jack Russell health problems, plus tips on how to support their wellbeing and help them thrive.
#Jack Russell Terrier breed profile
Originally bred for fox hunting, the Jack Russell Terrier is fast, fearless and fiercely loyal. They’re known for their intelligence, independence and sharp reflexes – all traits that made them excellent working dogs, can now make them fun (if sometimes feisty!) family pets.
Jack Russells are best suited to homes that can match their energy and provide plenty of stimulation. They’re curious by nature and love to explore, so a secure garden and daily adventure are an important consideration.
When it comes to the question are Jack Russell dogs hypoallergenic? – sadly not. They do shed, and while their coat is low maintenance, allergy sufferers may still react.
#Common health issues in Jack Russell Terriers
Jack Russells are generally robust and long-lived, but there are a few health issues that they’re more prone to than some other breeds.
##Physical issues
• Joint problems – JRTs are active dogs, and over time, their joints can show signs of wear. Conditions like patellar luxation (a slipped kneecap) or canine arthritis are not uncommon, especially in older dogs.
• Eye conditions – They may be prone to inherited issues such as cataracts or lens luxation, where the lens slips out of place.
• Dental disease – Smaller dogs often experience plaque and tartar build-up, so regular dental care is key. Read our tips on improving dental health in dogs.
• Muscle strains and sprains – Thanks to their love of jumping and fast bursts of energy, strains and soft tissue injuries can crop up regularly in this breed.
##Stomach issues
Common Jack Russell stomach issues include:
• Food intolerances – Some JRTs can react badly to certain proteins or additives. Signs can include vomiting, flatulence or diarrhoea.
• Pancreatitis – This painful condition is often triggered by fatty treats or human food. It causes vomiting, lethargy and abdominal pain.
• Gastroenteritis – Sudden changes in food or eating something they shouldn’t can lead to upset tummies. Learn more about gastroenteritis in dogs.
##Skin issues & allergies
Wondering do Jack Russell dogs shed or can Jack Russells have skin problems? The short answer is yes – especially if they have food or environmental sensitivities.
• Environmental allergies – Dust, grass, pollen or mould can cause itching, licking or red patches, especially on the paws and belly.
• Food sensitivities – Allergies to proteins like beef and dairy, or grains can lead to both stomach upset and skin irritation. Read our guide on common dog food allergies.
• Flea allergies – Even one flea bite can trigger a nasty skin reaction in sensitive dogs. Follow our 7 step guide on how to get rid of fleas on dogs.
• Dry skin – Some dogs, sometimes as they get older or in colder months, struggle with dry or flaky skin.
##Medical problems
Although generally healthy, some Jack Russell medical problems can include ataxia, which is a rare neurological condition that affects balance and coordination.
#Caring for a Jack Russell Terrier
Jack Russells may be small, but they will benefit from plenty of care, structure and mental stimulation. With the right lifestyle and support, they’re loyal, loving and endlessly entertaining companions.
##Diet and nutrition tips
Jack Russells can have a big appetite and will often happily help themselves if food is left unattended. Feed measured meals twice a day and avoid giving in to begging – even if they’re pulling their cutest face.
Some JRTs are sensitive to certain ingredients. If your dog suffers from itchy skin or loose stools, a limited-ingredient or hypoallergenic diet may help.
Supplements can also support Jack Russell health. For example, Omega-3s and 6s in the right combination can help tackle dry or itchy skin, while joint-support formulas with Green Lipped Mussel and Glucosamine may be useful for older or highly active dogs.
If you have any concerns about your pet’s diet, nutrition or health, we recommend speaking to your vet for personalised advice.
##Training and exercise tips
JRTs are intelligent, but their independent streak means training needs to be consistent, engaging and (most importantly) fun. They’re eager to please, but can be easily bored – so mix things up often.
Exercise is important for both their physical health and mental wellbeing. Without it, they’ll often find their own entertainment – which can include barking, digging or chewing.
Suggested training tips:
• Start young: Introduce basic commands and routines early.
• Use positive reinforcement: Treats and praise go a long way.
• Keep it varied: Mix commands with play to hold their attention.
• Tap into natural instincts: Try scent work, agility or puzzle toys.
• Be patient: JRTs are smart but strong-willed – don’t expect perfection overnight.
How much exercise does a Jack Russell need?
Aim for at least an hour a day, ideally with a mix of walking, gentle running, sniffing and interactive games.
##Grooming tips
Grooming a Jack Russell depends on their coat type – whether smooth, rough or broken. But whatever the variety, a regular routine will help keep them looking (and feeling) their best.
While they’re not hypoallergenic, Jack Russells do shed – especially in spring and autumn – so brushing is a great way to keep things under control.
Jack Russell grooming essentials:
• Brush 2-3 times a week: Use a soft brush for smooth coats or a stripping comb for rough/broken coats. This can be less for smooth coat breeds.
• Bathe when dirty: Don’t overdo it – too much bathing can dry their skin.
• Inspect the skin regularly: Watch for redness, bumps or signs of itching.
• Clean ears fortnightly: Use a damp cloth to wipe away dirt and check for odour.
• Trim nails every few weeks: Or when you can hear them tapping on the floor.
• Brush teeth 3-4 times a week: Dental care is very important for small breeds, aim to brush your dog’s teeth daily, with a minimum of every other day.
##Conclusion
Lively, loyal and full of attitude, Jack Russells bring boundless joy to any home. They’re small in size but huge in personality – and while they may be a handful at times, they’re always full of love.
By understanding common Jack Russell health problems and providing the right support, you’ll set your pup up for a long, vibrant life. With the right care and commitment, these spirited dogs make unbeatable companions.
