Australian Shepherd health problems & breed care

Despite the name, which arose from a historical mix-up, Australian Shepherds are an American breed, descended from herding dogs that travelled with Basque shepherds. Often pictured with a stunning merle coat and piercing blue eyes, these beautiful dogs can be blue merle, black, red merle, or red, with eyes ranging from rich brown and amber to marbled or heterochromic (two
different colours). While many were traditionally docked (now banned in many countries for non-medical reasons), some puppies are born naturally bobtailed.  

Happiest with their owners and a job to do, Australian Shepherds often shadow their humans,
eager to help or play, making separation anxiety a potential concern.

Understanding the Australian Shepherd’s working heritage explains much of their behaviour.
Herding is part instinct and part training: following commands, making independent split-second decisions and showing a little bossiness to get unwilling livestock moving. This work ethic can sometimes be redirected into the inappropriate herding of people and other animals. However, Aussies want to please, and with positive leadership and early training, that drive can be channelled into numerous other activities.

Australian Shepherds are friendly dogs, but their devotion to their owners, paired with a natural watchdog streak, can make them reserved with strangers. Their well-intentioned eagerness
to sound an alarm can also turn into excessive barking when they have too much energy to devote to watchfulness.  

#Common health issues in Australian Shepherds

Australian Shepherds are generally hardy and typically live 12-14 years. For many of the
conditions they are predisposed to, responsible breeding and health screening
help reduce the risks.

##Physical issues

Hip and elbow dysplasia are seen in Australian Shepherds. In an active long-lived breed, early surgery or lifestyle changes are essential to preserve mobility and minimise the wear and tear on abnormal joints that accelerates arthritis.

Australian Shepherds are prone to several inherited eye conditions:

• Hereditary cataracts cause cloudy changes to the lens in young adult dogs. The lens can be surgically removed if vision is severely affected.
• Progressive retinal atrophy causes gradual vision loss, beginning with night blindness.
• Collie eye anomaly (CEA) affects the development of multiple parts of the eye. Vision may be normal, but complications can lead to blindness.
• Iris coloboma can occur alone or as part of CEA. From a small nick to large wedges, missing sections of the iris may be virtually unnoticeable or lead to squinting and discomfort in bright light.

Multidrug Resistance Mutation 1 (MDR1) is an inherited condition that makes dogs unusually sensitive to certain medications. A defective protein slows drug clearance and allows drugs to cross the barrier that normally protects the brain. Testing is strongly recommended if a puppy’s parents were not screened.

Hearing deficits and deafness are known to occur in dogs with heavy white markings on the head,
particularly those from two merle parents.

##Stomach Issues

Inherited selective cobalamin malabsorption is a rare disorder that prevents the absorption of vitamin B12 from food, leading to weakness, poor growth and anaemia in puppies and young dogs. Lifelong B12 injections are required. Although bloat and gastric dilation volvulus are less common in this breed, avoiding exercise for at least an hour after meals is a wise precaution.

##Skin issues & allergies

Australian Shepherds can develop allergic skin disease triggered by fleas, food or environmental
allergens. Patches of lighter skin can sunburn, and rarer autoimmune conditions can cause patchy hair loss or pigment changes.

##Medical problems

Epilepsy is seen in some Australian Shepherds and typically requires long-term medication
to reduce seizure frequency and severity.

#Caring for an Australian Shepherd

When matched with an owner who shares their energy and enthusiasm, caring for an Australian
Shepherd is straightforward and deeply rewarding. 

##Diet & nutrition tips

• Feed two balanced meals a day and wait for at least one hour before exercise.
• Use joint supplements to support high-impact, active lifestyles.
• Control portion size. Aussies can be greedy.
• Training treats can add up quickly, use part of their daily food ration instead.
• Puzzle feeders and lick mats provide extra mental stimulation at mealtimes.

##Training & exercise tips

• Vigorous daily exercise is essential. Think jogging, cani-cross, agility, flyball or bikejoring.
• Early socialisation encourages polite interactions with other animals.
• Obedience, musical freestyle, herding trials and service work satisfy their working instincts and desire to please.
• Games like frisbee are always appreciated, but too many sharp turns and sudden stops put extra stress on joints.
• Swimming and structured ‘working’ walks are great low-impact options.
• Heat stroke is a real risk. Aussies can exercise themselves into the emergency room.

##Grooming tips

An Australian Shepherd's medium-length, weather-resistant coat sheds moderately year-round, with heavier moults in spring and autumn, making them unsuitable for many allergy sufferers.

• Brushing 2-3 times a week helps reduce stray hairs and prevent mats.
• Professional grooming during moulting helps control the chaos.
• Check paws regularly. Nails often wear down naturally, but pads can crack with heavy activity. Consider boots, balm or wax for protection.
• Inspect ears weekly for redness or wax, and clean after swimming.
• Long life spans make regular tooth brushing especially important.

#Conclusion

If you already lead an active lifestyle, an Australian Shepherd makes a stunning and devoted companion. For others, it may be a breed best admired from afar. If you’re hoping to rise to the challenge when that fluffy new arrival bounces through your door, remember — without training
and outlets for their mental and physical energy, an Aussie may try to rule the roost or, through frustration, dismantle it instead.